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woyera nsombazi
nsombazi amakhala ndi wangwiro thupi, spindle woboola pakati mpaka mu mutu conical. kumbuyo kwake mdima imvi mtundu umene umasiyana ndi mimba zake zoyera. Iwo ali zipsepse awiri dorsal, woyamba zazikulu, ndi awiri pectoral. khungu lake ndi akhakula wokutidwa ndi mtundu wa mamba zovuta wotchedwa dermal denticles. Koma kukula kwake, kawirikawiri zinai kapena zisanu mamita m’litali ndi makilogalamu 1,200, ngakhale kuti ndinadzapeza toyesa zazikulu mamita asanu. Iwo ali mizere angapo mano lalikulu triangular, m’mbali serrated monga lakuthwa monga mipeni ndi mwamsanga pamene wina amakhala ankavala kapena yopuma chimachititsanso ena mu malo. nsagwada zake zamphamvu likhoza mphamvu zina kuposa mazana atatu munthu. Akusowa chikhodzodzo kusambira uyenera wangayo ngati kusambira parase kodi kumira ndi kufa. Komanso, dongosolo wanu kupuma akusowa madzi makutu nthawi zonse. Imodzi ya mphamvu yake anayamba ndi khutu monga ali ndi maselo mphuno yako ndi mbali kuti amakulolani kuona mafunde electromechanical, Phokoso ndi otsika phokoso pafupipafupi. mphuno tcheru akutumikira kulandira dontho la magazi makilomita kutali ndi maganizo ake ndi lakuthwa kwambiri. Habitat ndi kugawa The nsombazi woyera ndi anagawira mu boreal, kotentha, subtropical ndi otentha zigawo hemispheres onse. Kawirikawiri pa shelufu Ngerezi pafupi ndi nyanja ku South Africa, kugombe la kumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo North America, New Zealand, Japan, China, America South, Australia ndi Nyanja Mediterranean. Mu Iberia angapezeke mu Mediterranean, Atlantic ndi Canary ngakhale pati osati pafupipafupi kwambiri mu madzi athu. Ndi chidwi kuti vuto lalikulu kuti nsombazi woyera, kuganiziridwa kuti zaka monga ngozi yaikulu kwa munthu, Zoonadi munthu wokhalapo, makamaka chifukwa yokumba malonda ndi zosangalatsa, mosayembekezera kudzadzipeza mu zida nsomba (longline ,, mpanda, kuukoka, lokhazikika Intaneti …) ndi chitetezo gombe maukonde ndi kuwononga malo awo achilengedwe. zamoyo wake achilendo si kuthandiza mu chipulumutso mitundu ndi kuvumbitsira osatetezeka kwambiri Kuziwononga mopitirira muyeso chifukwa mlingo wawo otsika ubereki ndi moyo wake osati kale kwambiri (zaka pafupifupi 30). chidwi ndi impudence, ndi chizolowezi chawo kuganizira zinthu zina, kumene kuli zakudya zambiri, komanso kuti zinthu nyama mosavuta kugwila ena brainless kuti pa ndikukhulupirira iwo akuchita zabwino anthu kumasuka kukula “chilombo”. yokumba malonda nsombazi woyera zachokera ziwalo zathupi lanu monga mano, nsagwada ndi zipsepse, amene kwambiri ndi okhometsa oipa padziko lonse. Iwo anayamikira mafuta m’chiwindi awo, khungu, mafupa ndi nyama (ankaona kuti ndi chakudya chokoma m’madera ena). Woyera nsombazi zimatetezedwa m’madera monga California, East Coast US Gulf of Mexico, Maldives, South Africa, Namibia, mbali zina Australia (Tasmania, New South Wales, Australia South ndi Queensland), madzi Israeli Mediterranean ndi Red Sea. M’pake kuti malinga ndi Barcelona Convention, amaona zatsala pang’ono kutha mu Mediterranean, koma si kutetezedwa mu madzi awa, ngakhale kuti pali madera monga Sicilian Channel zomwe zimachitikira malo kuswana. Akusewera White Shark amasanthula madzi ofunda kuswana awo ndi kulera. Iye sangathe kubereka mpaka zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi zinayi ndiponso kawirikawiri amakhala pakati pa 4 ndi 10 pups aliyense yobereka (zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu), amene ambiri sanafike kapena abadwe kuti Adzanyekeka ndi abale ake mkati mayi. Small anabadwa vivíparamente (kasupe kapena yotentha) ndipo kudzidalira chifukwa kubadwa, iwo kulibwino kukhala osambira kudya kapena amayi azidya nawo kanthu. Food ndi miyambo ndi pafupi ndi wakupha nsomba, mmodzi wa adani waukulu m’madzi komanso nyama yawo sipekitiramu ndi lonse zosiyanasiyana (m’mimba mwanu afika kukumana laisensi galimoto!). Kawirikawiri kudya nsomba zikuluzikulu (nsomba, m’nyanja nsomba zamipeni …), akamba, zisindikizo, mikango nyanja, nsombazo zina, zinsomba yaing’ono ndi dolphin apo. Kapena iwo amaganiza kwambiri pamene akudya nyama wafa kale. N’zochititsa chidwi akaona kukana otters ndi mbalame nyanja chakudya. kagayidwe wanu ali kudya ndi zimene zimawachititsa ayenera kudya lalikulu. Ngakhale mano oposa 3,000 musati kutafuna nyamazo koma misozi ndi kumeza zidutswa. Mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, nsombazo woyera ndi nyama chikhalidwe ndi dongosolo m’malo ovuta khalidwe, zikuoneka kuti “kulankhula” ndi mzake kuluma ndi nditagwira kukamwa kwawo modekha (choncho zizindikiro zake zambiri ndi zipsera. Ngakhale zoipa zake kutchuka, sanachite kusaka anthu ndi pamene mpingo kumachitika ndi chifukwa nsombazi zimawasokoneza iwo ndi zina mwachizolowezi chawo kapena mwa njira ili chidwi cha zokhudza nyama, izi anafotokoza bwanji Devore ndiye. wa nsombazo nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi gombe, ngakhale Wawadzera kuona zoposera zikwi mamita kwambiri. iwo ali alenje chachikulu, agile (sangathe kuchita kudumpha chidwi padziko), kudya ndi kothandiza, kuukira adani awo modzidzimutsa, chifukwa pansi ndipo patapita woyamba amapha kuluma, adikire mpaka kutuluka magazi. nsombazo woyera amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali ndipo ngakhale maphunziro posachedwapa amaoneka bwanji kuti ali nyama woyendayendawu, nayenso waoneka kuti ena amakhala nthawi zonse mu madera awo ankakonda (Spencer Gulf , Australia; Farallon Islands, California ndi Dyer Island, South Africa) kudyetsa. Kawirikawiri kuyenda yekha ngakhale kuti nthawi zina mabanja ngakhalenso magulu a nsombazo asanu kapena asanu ndi atatu.

ndi katswiri
The katswiri ndi mtundu wachinyamata, monga unakhazikitsidwa mu Germany mu m’ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Ngakhale kuti mnyamatayu, iwo pansi kwambiri makhalidwe mitundu ndi mmodzi akanakhoza kunena kuti ndi chimodzi mwa ochepa zovuta Mitundu alipo kusintha mbali khalidwe, ngakhale anatomically kuwonetseredwa vuto ambirimbiri (mavuto kupuma chifukwa mapangidwe mutu wake, mkulu zochitika za zotupa, m’munsi moyo wautali, …). Ngakhale izi, mmodzi wa mitundu kwambiri zokongoletsa kukongola ndi Kugwirizana thupi. Tisaiwale kuti anapatsidwa mphamvu zazikulu thupi ndi conformation othamanga, boxers ndi nyama kuti pamafunika ophunzitsidwa, chifukwa mukatero, iwo adzadziwa osati muzithera mphamvu zawo ndi njira za masewera, akhoza kuvulaza anthu owazungulira. ANA mtundu wina aonetsere changu chimodzimodzi laling’ono la nyumba samadziwika. Boxers kukonda ana kutifotokozera, moti ambiri ambuye awo amachita bwino kuphunzitsa olera akhale kutali ndi kwawo. Iwo m’pofunika kuphunzitsa ana kukhala wachikondi ndi katswiri, monga anasonyeza mtima iwo, kungachititse kuti masewera wankhanza ndi ana. Komabe, iwo chimaonetsedwa aukali, koma ndithu zosiyana. Ngati pali ana nyumba, katswiri adzakhala nthawi zonse pamene iwo ali. Iwo adzakhala anthu mnzake masewera ake mosatopa (kubisalirana, mpira, …), umene uli osangalatsa kwambiri ana. Iye adzaonetsera mphatso zodabwitsa kutsanzira makhalidwe a ang’onoang’ono, ngati atakhala pa mpando kudya, kufika pa lakuya kusamba manja anu … Onse ife timauka ndi boxers, ife timafuna kuti ana athu kuchita chimodzimodzi. Zizolowezi za katswiri Ichi ndi mtundu umene wofanana, mwa zina, chifukwa anthu ake sizigwira ntchito makungwa popanda chifukwa. Pachifukwa ichi ndi khalidwe homey kuwapanga iwo abwino boxers agalu kukhala nyumba ndiponso malo amene kuli anthu. The katswiri yekha barks mu zinthu za chiopsezo. Khalidwe la katswiri amapanga iye nthawi zonse kwambiri kwa mbuye wake. Kuyambira mwana wagalu amakonda banja ndipo amapereka chotenga, kaya kugwirizana, kaya msilikali kapena kungoti ngati kampani wamakani. Komanso, pokhala nyama amasewera kwambiri, iye ali wokonzeka, kuyembekezera mwayi kuimba nafe; m’nyumba komwe kulibe ana, akulu ayenera kuchita ndi izo chifukwa sizigwirizana ndi mwayi uliwonse kuti ukapezeka pankhaniyi, phindu kwambiri olandiridwa. Ndi omasuka galu makhalidwe; pomwepo osankhidwa mpando kapena mpando yabwino kwambiri nyumba apoltronarse. Iwo ali ubwino onse a galu sociable, umboni zidzaonekera nthawi yoyamba timalandira alendo kunyumba kuyambira tili ndi mwana wagalu: adzamvera wokondwa pakati pawo, kufunafuna chikondi cha zonse, kusewera ndi zinthu monga momwe zingapangitse kusangalala ndi wopulupudza mwana. The katswiri ndi mtundu wanzeru kwambiri; Iwo wasonyeza kuti ndi kuzimvetsa mawu 25 ndipo nthawi zonse kutsimikizira mungathe. nzeru zake ntchito kuti amvetsetse bwino ndi kumvetsa coexistence ndi munthu. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, ndi mtundu yachangu amaphunzira kutsegula ndi kutseka zitseko monga munthu. Chifukwa ndi methodical nyama, katswiri zodabwitsa amaona kuti, kuti anatengera miyambo preset mwa mbuye alibe ndalama ntchito iliyonse. N’zoona kuti miyambo imene ndi kusiya kudya tsiku lina chifukwa mumapereka chakudya mu malo ena kuposa masiku. Bwino, kusintha Musiyeni inu chifukwa zachilendo kwambiri kwa katswiri kusiya kudya chifukwa iwo ali otchuka chifukwa kususuka awo. Izi ndi oyenera kwambiri, wanzeru, mwamsanga bongo ndi njira akuchita izo zikutsimikizira kuti otsimikiza kwambiri zimene iye amafuna ndi zimene iye amachita galu. Lilinso ndi wotukuka kwambiri kununkhiza choncho ndi wophunzira kwambiri maphunziro, polola kupikisana limeneli ndi mafuko ankaona chikhalidwe. YAKWERA PAHATCHI Ngati pali chinthu chofunika mu chisamaliro cha womenya nkhonya, zomwe ndi wakwera, ngakhale moyo pa famu kapena malo lotseguka. Iwo sali okha zofunika kupsereza mphamvu owonjezera kuti tizisonyeza, koma ndi zofunika molondola kubala chitukuko ndi socialization. Pankhani chitukuko, m’pofunika kunena kuti katswiri ayenera kusiya nyumba osachepera kawiri pa tsiku akuluakulu ndi ambiri ngati kuli kofunika mu siteji ya umwana. Ndi bwino kuti zotuluka izi zichitike m’madera wobiriwira kumene cinyama tiyeni pa nthunzi popanda kusokoneza anthu oyenda pansi. Komanso, mtundu wa linanena bungwe adzapanga katswiri wathu akulu kukhala conformation abwino. Koma ponena socialization, wina aliyense wa koyenda tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kuchitika pakati m’tawuni kuzolowera kuyambira ubwana anafotokozera m’njira zachilendo ndi anthu ena momuzungulira. Ndi bwino kuti galu akhoza kuthamanga kamodzi pa tsiku, makamaka osati usiku, monga chisangalalo cha masewera zingachititse tulo, mkodzo kutayikira akagona ndi mantha matenda. Ngati ine singatheke kawirikawiri, n’kofunika kuti osachepera mtundu uwu kumachitika amayenda katatu pa mlungu. Ngati malo amene timakhala alibe malo ena boxers athu akhoza kuimba popanda mumalo- zana chala, tiyenera kupereka njira ina: tikhoza kumumanga ku mahandulo a njinga zathu ndi kupanga pang’onopang’ono kuwonjezera khama kuti ikhalebe. Ndi kutsika mapiri ndi zolimbitsa thupi ubwino mtundu umenewu, komanso thupi manjenje, iye tizicheza pamtima amene ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zokongola kwambiri womenya nkhonya. Ngati zonsezi zikanakhala zotheka, pamapeto pake tifuna amachita Zochita kunyumba, monga kukwera masitepe. Bafa The katswiri ndi makamaka akuoneka bwino nyama, makhalidwe chimene chimapangitsa tsitsi lake yochepa monga kumathandiza kudzikundikira dothi. Komabe, tiyenera kukwaniritsa mokhulupirika malamulo aukhondo, osati mwa kukhala ndi ambuye awo komanso thanzi la nyama. Kusamba agalu ndi chimodzi mwa maganizo kwambiri pamene pali olemba amene amanena kuti iwo asayesedwe konse kusamba nkhani. Komabe, ena akufuna kutero mlungu uliwonse. veterinarians kwambiri akulangizidwa kuti asambe ndi mwana wagalu mpaka wakwaniritsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi; Komabe, nthawi zina dothi onyamula nyama tsitsi lake angaone zoipa kuposa bafa mwachita bwino. Ngati ife kusankha kusamba mwana wagalu wathu, njira kutenga ayenera kukhala wosamalitsa kwambiri ntchito madzi kutentha 38-40¼C (yesani m’zigongono, monga mwana a) okuta theka la miyendo, izi Choncho, ngati palibe ngozi kutsetsereka namzeze madzi; ntchito shampu enieni agalu yochepa tsitsi kapena wofatsa shampu anthu; Mosamala kupukuta nyama ndi chopukutira Terry (kuyamwa madzi kuposa ena) ndipo potsiriza ndi choumitsira dzanja. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti katswiri ndi nyama kuti siligwirizana chabwino kapena kuzizira kapena kutentha, m’pamenenso ngati akadali mwana wagalu. Ngakhale kuti kasupe kapena chilimwe, tisalole kuti mpweya youma. Mu katswiri wamkulu, kwambiri analimbikitsa mabafa pafupipafupi ndi miyezi sikisi iliyonse, imodzimodzi ndi molting tsitsi, chimene chikuchitika mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti ngati nyama angapeze madzi achilengedwe (mtsinje, nyanja, …) simungakhoze kusamba monga momwe ankafuna, monga posambira ndi payipi munda. Kodi aukali khungu katswiri si madzi, koma zigawo zikuluzikulu za mankhwala ochapira tsitsi. Kodi muyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi zonse kusamba m’nyanja kulongosola tsitsi ndi madzi kupewa kuuma mtima kunadza. Pali kukayikira bafa kuti ayenera zikhulupiriro: ndi onyenga kuti sizoyenera Kasambeni akazi mu kutentha, popeza kusiyana kokha ndi yaikazi zina kugonana ndi kuti kale ndi mantha kwambiri ndipo akhoza resultarnos kovuta kusamba ntchito; Komanso ndi zabodza kuti inu simungakhoze kusamba akazi apakati, malinga kusamalira yoyenera amatengedwa kuti akanikizire kwambiri m’dera mimba. Pakuti tsitsi kutsuka tsitsi la boxers wathu ndi kowala imeneyi, ayenera bwezerani tsiku ndi tsiku. Monga eni ambiri sizili, muyenera kukhala ndi cholinga kupangitsa osachepera kawiri pa mlungu. Kutsuka, kuwonjezera pa kusunga tsitsi woyera ndi chonyezimira, ali wakeup ntchito ya magazi, kuti kulimbikitsa thanzi la khungu lanu. Ngati tikufuna ntchito kutsuka ndi zosangalatsa kwa galu ndi mwini, tiyenera accustom boxers kwathu ngati masewera. Motero, sinapeze izo zosasangalatsa, koma amafuna ife pamene ife “kuiwala.” Kutsuka katswiri wa nkhonya ayenera kukhala mu cranio-caudal (mutu ndi mchira) ndi caudo-cranial (mutu ndi mchira) zomveka onse anamasuka tsitsi ndi khungu zinyalala ndi dothi. The chiphaso otsiriza ayenera kukhala mu cranial-caudal malangizo kusiya tsitsi mpira kunyumba. M’madera a swirls awaika tsitsi ndi dzanja lake. Kukachitika kuti, kutsatira malangizo awa, tsitsi la boxers wathu ndi maonekedwe osauka, tikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri revitalization, wina, kukupatsani malonda multivitamin isanafike malangizo Chowona Zanyama, kapena awiri, kusakaniza ndi chakudya, kamodzi sabata, akhoza wa sardines mu mafuta, amene adzakupatsani vitamini a ndi mafuta zidulo zofunika. Mukaona kuti tsitsi ali ndi maonekedwe zachilendo ndipo kuwala, kusiya ka mankhwala onse.

bilimankhwe
Ngakhale kuti m’malo pafupi iguanas, chameleons moyo mitengo ndi tizilombo kusaka ndi yaitali, yomata lilime lake. Pali pafupifupi 85 mitundu yosiyanasiyana padziko lonse, ngakhale udindo wake monga kuderako (ndi wapadera zigawo enieni) kuti amapezeka mwapadera mu amatchedwa dziko lakale: Africa (makamaka Madagascar ndi kum’mawa chakum’mwera) ndi ena akumidzi Asia. The European dziko okha amene ali ndi mwayi kukhala chameleons mu zinyama zake ndi Spain. Mu dziko lathu iwo anaitana ena madera mu Malaga ndi Cadiz m’malire ndipo posachedwapa ku Granada, Almeria ndi Huelva. Kumbali ya kukula, tingapeze ku banja chimphona ndi mwamuna Chimalagasi Giant bilimankhwe imene imafikira ma centimita 80 kuchokera ikhale pamphuno ndi mchira nsonga, kuti bilimankhwe thumba (Brookesia Low) akukhala mu Aquarium ndi Tokyo, amene sizikugwirizana oposa awiri kapena atatu n’kuona chomwe chili. Bilimankhwe lililonse ali ndi flattened mbali thupi, oumbidwa maso kuti ndikasendeza payekhapayekha mzake ndi mchira prehensile, amene wopachikidwa nthambi. Ndi nyama kuti m’kupita kwa nthawi, ali ndi mphamvu anatengera chidwi. Iwo amatha kusintha nthawi yomweyo mtundu wa khungu lawo, koma osati kusokonezedwa ndi chilengedwe, monga mmene ambiri amaganizira, koma chifukwa cha zinthu zina (chibwenzi, akukanidwa, mantha, kutentha, etc.) Ndipo pamene chinachake wapadera chameleon, wotchuka kwambiri ndi njira zake achilendo za kusaka. maso ake ndi lilime lake (kuimfa projectile kumenya wozunzidwayo ndi kutha, ndi kuchuluka molondola pafupifupi olondola ndi magawo a wachiwiri) anayamba chida chophera. Inu, pamene amati diso, kuika lilime. chakudya chawo zosiyanasiyana mkati tizilombo ndiponso amakonda crickets, njenjete, mphemvu ndi mphutsi. Ngakhale ena, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, gobble mbalame ndi mbewa. Kaswili MASO. Mwa thunthu lake monga oumbidwa maso. Muli anaona kuti kusuntha payekhapayekha mzake ndi mbali zonse? Izi ndi kuyamika ndi turret membranous kulola kuti ndi madigiri 360 ndi facilitates masomphenya kwapadera chitetezo ndi kusaka kwa adani awo. CHINENERO. Iwo akhoza kutaya lilime lake kawiri mpaka ku thupi lanu. Kodi kuphulika! umene iwo ranges ku masentimita 30 60 pafupifupi. Language ndi mtundu wa sitimayo masiku yomata, mu 95% milandu zala. zala zake, kokha zokwawa, ndi prehensile, mwachitsanzo akutumikira kukakwera, monga mchira ku anyani kapena njovu Zikuluzikulu. zala anawagawa m’magulu awiri (2/3), awiri kunja ndi atatu mkati, kupereka kumverera kuti manja. Mchira. Mmodzi akanakhoza kunena za iwo wosagonjetseka kukwera chifukwa mchira wake ndi prehensile, monga anyani, amene amalola kukwera pansi popanda vuto popanda kugwiritsa ntchito miyendo. THUPI. Thupi lanu (ngati chameleon adera mafuta) laterally wothinikizidwa, amene amapereka maonekedwe a tsamba pamene chikopa ndi limakupatsani bwino kusunga muyezo. Kupeza ndi wachikondi Pet chameleon Kumatanthauza udindo waukulu Ngati mwaganiza ndi chameleon kuweta, muyenera kukumbukira kuti si Pet zosavuta kusamalira. Inu muyenera kuti mugule m’sitolo ndi nthawi udindo nji, kuyambira ku Spain ali otetezedwa ndi chilango adani. Muyeneranso mwapadera. Tsopano ife tikhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe inu mukhoza kugula imodzi mwa nyama kupanda ali. Wosangalala kuona khalidwe lawo, kusaka njira, luso wopanda kukwera kusintha mtundu kapena kubisa komanso zinthu zina zambiri, inu kunyumba ndi penyani izo maola. Kuyamba kwanu ayenera danga yaing’ono kumene nyama omasuka. Inunso ndi kugula terrarium (monga Aquarium, koma wopanda madzi ndi zowongolera kwa zokwawa ndi anfios) kuti nthawi zonse kuposa kale. M’pofunika kupereka terrarium ndi fulorosenti kuti otsanzira dzuwa. Zingakhale bwino kuwaganizira nyama mu terrarium anamanga ndi mbali zitatu mauna zitsulo, penapake pafupi lalikulu zenera m’malo, chifukwa ngati tiika mu mpanda galasi, kumene mpweya uli pafupifupi nil, nyama posachedwapa kukhala matenda kupuma ndi kufa. Mu milandu, zabwino ndi terrarium yaing’ono ndi nayiloni mauna denga. Nyuzipepala kapena mathawulo pepala zimakhala zopangidwa kukhala ukhondo. Koma ambiri abwino ndi peat organic monga gawo lapansi, amene akutumikira kwa zomera akhoza ili ndi mizu ndi malo kukula. Koma ngati muli ndi mafunso, funani veterinarian wanu kapena kukacheza ndi ukonde kuti amatchula chameleons.

Carthusian
Round mutu ndi ikhale pamphuno triangular, makutu anagwira mkulu, zonse masaya chachikulu kwambiri amuna achikulire. mtundu maso kuzungulira golide, mkuwa, chikasu kapena Amber. Amphamvu thupi ndi olimba, akhoza kulemera makilogalamu 6. Espaldas ndi chifuwa lonse, monga khosi. akulu miyendo. Cola Cola yaitali, wangwiro, otsekeredwa kumbuyo. Mtundu amaloledwa mithunzi yonse ya imvi, koma bwino anawona. Khungu kwathunthu buluu Short, wandiweyani, velvety ubweya, lowala, amatikumbutsa otter a. Kutsuka chithandizo ayi. Makhalidwe Manso, wachikondi, wanzeru, ufulu wabwino mlenje. Environment Amasintha bwino nyumbayo, makamaka ngati muli ndi bwalo.

umodzi wa achule
Choncho ali malo ambiri, onse siliceous, Mbali yokhala kapena dothi clayey m’madera phiri, nkhalango thundu, m’madera kukula, nkhalango, n’kupita riparian, ndipo ngakhale zipatso kapena m’mizinda. Zikuoneka kuchokera pa nyanja 2,400 mamita okwera mu Pyrenees (García-Paris ndi Martin, 1987. Lizana neri Al, 1990 Gosa ndi Bergerandi, 1994, Malkmus, 1998, Barberá neri Al, 1999. Bosch, 2002 ; Ryser neri Al, 2003) .. Wakhala anatchula 2.516 mamita okwera mu Pyrenees (Vences neri Al., 2003) .1 amanena mu okhwima mtengo Quercus robur mu Navarra akutsikira ndi Moss mu gawo kunsi kwa thunthu mitengo. Makamaka achikulire (77%) ndi anati, ngakhale kumene metamorphosed zinthu zina kugwiritsa ntchito mbali woyambira (7% panali). Akafika masentimita 34 pafupifupi ndipo kukudza ndi masentimita 135 kuchokera pansi. Pamene wapezeka, 52% milandu amayendayenda, pogona kapena kulumpha pansi (Gosa, 2003) .2 Mulimonsemo, wautali kukula larval chimachititsa kukhalapo kwake kwa madera amene ali ndi mawanga madzi yaitali, nthawi zambiri Anthropic, monga pylons, akasupe kapena m’madamu wa ulimi wothirira. Komanso, mfundo zimenezi zingakhale variable kwambiri madzi mu makhalidwe awo, ndiponso chithandizo eutrophic madzi misa, otsika oxygenation kapena otsika pH. Mu mpumulo wa kugawa ake European amakonda malo Amachitanso lalikulu, komanso kuphatikizapo mabacteria waumunthu kwambiri ndipo anasintha (Boll, 2003, Borgula ndi Zumbach, 2003, Eislöffel, 2003, Fritz, 2003, Joger ndi Schmidt, 2003, Kordges, 2003 ; Sowig neri Al, 2003. ndi Blezer Stumpel, 2003, Uthleb neri Al, 2003. Weber, 2003). Morocco ali mapiri yekha wetter (Bons ndi Geniez, 1996). Mulimonsemo, wautali kukula larval chimachititsa kukhalapo kwake kwa madera amene ali ndi mawanga madzi yaitali, nthawi zambiri chiyambi anthropogenic, monga pylons, akasupe kapena m’madamu wa ulimi wothirira. Komanso, mfundo zimenezi zingakhale variable kwambiri madzi mu makhalidwe awo, ndiponso chithandizo eutrophic madzi misa ndi pocaoxigenación kapena otsika pH (Serra-Cobo neri Al., 1998). Kuchuluka adakali kawirikawiri kumpoto kwa Peninsula, mitundu chapakati ndi kum’mwera Koma chikupitiriza zikusowa (Bosch, 2002). Conservation udindo mu Spain ndi muyezo Category: Near anaopseza NT. A. inu. boscai: Near anaopseza NT; A. inu. almogavari: Near anaopseza NT; A. inu. obstetricans: Near anaopseza NT; A. inu. pertinax: pachiopsezo VU A2ac (Bosch, 2002). Kumuopseza The mitundu si anaopseza kumpoto kwa uthunthu wake, limene akadali kwambiri kapena zochepa pafupipafupi. Pokhala opacities ololera kwambiri mitundu, izo colonizes bwino ngakhale kumadera kumene bwanji. Ndipo chifukwa chikhalidwe pafupipafupi Anthropic, amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zambiri madzi chopangidwa ndi munthu. Komabe, kugawa kum’mwera mitundu ndi lalikulu mantha, pamafunika mfundo okhazikika madzi kapena yaitali ndi kusintha kwina kapena chiwonongeko cha malo awo kuswana. Imfa mfundo zimenezi madzi ndi makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa tebulo madzi ndi Kuziwononga mopitirira muyeso wa aquifers, imfa ya kasamalidwe chikhalidwe madzi ulimi, kusiyidwa magwero, yoloŵetsa mitsinje, etc. anthu kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Community wa Madrid, a subspecies wamba mzamba umodzi wa achule pertinax, akumwazika m’magulu ang’onoang’ono. Chifukwa masinthidwe a kwambiri anavutika ndi dera Madrid m’zaka za posachedwapa, ambiri a malo ake kuswana zili m’midzi ndi zikhalidwe yokumba monga akasupe ndi maiwe. Mwa mavuto amene amabwera chifukwa ntchito yawo ndi kukonza nthawi kuyeretsa cha galasi, kutsuka zipangizo zaulimi, zinyalala kuipitsidwa ndi imfa ya mphutsi anatchula ndi ana. mavuto ena monga kuwonongeka ndi kusiyidwa mayiwe mabeseni komanso kuwononga chilengedwe, kugula mfundo madzi achule ndi kumayambiriro nsomba ndi nkhanu (Martínez-Solano neri Al., 2004) .3 The anthu a m’chigawo Albacete si kawirikawiri ndi zambiri amakhala ndi ochepa asilikali; Iwo ali oyanjana ndi osalimba kwambiri yokumba media kubwezeretsa (Paris neri Al., 2002) 5 Komanso, m’madera ena achikulire amavutika mwansanga pafupipafupi m’misewu ikuluikulu. Komanso m’madera ambiri, makamaka phiri, mitundu wasoŵa ndi kumayambiriro nsomba zolinga masewera (makamaka mumapezeka nsomba ndi gale-) kuti nyama pa mphutsi yawo (Braña neri Al., 1996). Mu Sierra de A Neila (Burgos) Iye anavutika ndi kuchepa kwambiri m’zaka za posachedwapa chifukwa kumayambiriro nsomba mu matupi madzi. Iye panopa sachoka okha ochepa akusowa mitsinje ya nsomba (Martínez-Solano neri Al., 2003) .4 Komanso, zisakuyenda mitundu wakhala mutu wa anthu awiri okha mu Iberia misa mortalities wa achule kugwirizana kuyambika matenda. Mu ibón ndi Piedrafita (Huesca Pyrenees) zinachitika m’chilimwe cha 1992 ndi 1994, chachikulu metamorphic mphutsi ndi mortalities wakhanda anali zimachitika pa nthawi mabakiteriya Aeromonas hydrophila. The toyesa akufa anasonyeza zizindikiro momveka kwa “wofiira mwendo” (kapena “mwendo wofiira”) ndi akutaya mkati, makamaka miyendo, ndi kupanda inflammations. Koma malinga ndi kafukufuku wa posachedwapa anafotokoza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda atsopano, mortalities zimenezi ndalimbikitsidwa pamapeto pake aliyense wa ranavirus pamwambapa anafotokoza, A. hydrophila kukhala osadziwika tizilomboto kuti kupatsira nyama kale chifukwa cha HIV. Pamwambowo, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa nyama anam’peza atafa, anthu sanali kutha ndipo m’kupita toyesa zambiri kusewera mu dera (Marquez neri Al., 1995) anali anaona. Posachedwapa, ndi pa anthu Alpine, izo wabala chodabwitsa china imfa Unyinji wa anthu. Izi nthawi yotsiriza M’nkhani ya analembedwa mu Natural Park Peñalara (Chikatikati System, Madrid). Iwo anali inayamba koyamba ndiponso a chytrid ku Europe, ndi mafangasi matenda amene akupitiriza kupulula unyinji wa mitundu ndi anthu padziko lonse, ndipo zinawonongedwa pafupifupi kwathunthu kwa zinkakhala m’dera mu zaka anthu ochepa (Bosch neri Al., 2001) .

Spain ameneŵa skink
makhalidwe Morphological: Lolamulira yowala kwambiri chifukwa zabwino zake ndi mamba yunifolomu. Nsonga yafupika. Dorso variable phula kuchokera bulauni grayish kapena maolivi pafupifupi wakuda, nthawi zina ndi magulu awiri lonse pakhalanso akuyenda mmbuyo ndi zambiri eyespots laling’ono kuwoloka pamwamba. Akafika 16 cm. ambiri, amene pang’ono osachepera theka akufanana ndi mchira. MIYAMBO: Tsiku. No masamba pansi. Ndi mwapadera ndinazolowera moyo theka-subterranean, ngakhale zambiri basks padziko. Kuti mpukutu mwamsanga retracts miyendo yake yochepa thupi ndipo contoured ngati njoka. Chalcides mu malo awo inali ku Sagunto (Valencia). Food: Small invertebrates kuti moyo pansi miyala kapena kuphimbira nthaka. Kubalana: Ovoviviparous. Copulation masika. Akazi nthawi zambiri “kubadwa” ya zinayi (awiri kawirikawiri kwambiri) moyo achinyamata, kuchokera kumapeto May mpaka m’dzinja (September kapena October). HABITAT ndi kugawa: Sizikuoneka kusonyeza overt amakonda zachilengedwe. Mungachite onse mu dune mchenga wa nyanja, ndi pakati pa madera kuphimbira lamapiri. kum’mwera omwe ndi likulu la Iberia, m’dera Valencia si kawirikawiri koma kawirikawiri padera. Chalcides mumzinda wa Sagunto (Valencia). ZINA anati: Iwo ali wamkulu faunal chidwi (Spain ameneŵa endemism). Amaona ngati “otetezedwa” mu Chivalensha m’ndandanda zatsala pang’ono kutha (Watsimikiza 265/1994). Pasanakhale ambiri pachilumba cha Tabarca koma wakhala ransacked asayansi ndi okhometsa ankachita masewera.

Beagle galu
Ngakhale kukula kwake ochepa, Beagle amapereka mphamvu mphamvu ndi kukana, yochepa maonekedwe ndi akulu kwambiri m’thupi, monga miyendo ndi khosi, amene amathandiza mutu bwino proportioned ndi ikhale pamphuno amtengo yaitali ndi makutu sing’anga kakulidwe kutsogolera mathithi.