Figured it out!!
It was user error.
I used a plugin called ‘Plugin Optimizer’ to speed up the site. I had opted to turn off bbpress under the /groups/* URL when I wasn’t using forums. This was about 6 months ago, and I forgot that this was still set.
All working now after I enabled forums under the groups/* URL.
A little more info – When I enable the setting in bbpress to allow buddypress forums, I still don’t see any forum options on the front end when creating a new group (the option is only on the backend for groups)
I confirmed that the group creates a forum_id in database: value of a:1:{i:0;i:21901;}
And that forum 21901 exists in wp_posts
I also confirmed that the enable_forum value is set to 1 for the group ID in wp_bp_groups